differences in receptor subunit composition). The association between an increased rate of PR in people with alcoholism might relate to changes in GABA receptors and GABAergic pathways induced by alcoholism (e.g. One report worth noting documented a pair of identical twins who both experienced dramatic reactions to midazolam. Genetic variability may play a part in some idiosyncratic reactions. The neurobiology of paradoxical reactions is unclear. Risk factors found for developing a paradoxical reaction from benzodiazepines include alcoholism, extremes of age, and psychiatric comorbidity. The rate of paradoxical reactions following benzodiazepine administration is estimated to be 1-2%. They are most frequent in anxious and aggressive individuals, children, and the elderly. Such reactions are similar to those sometimes provoked by alcohol. Less dramatic increases in irritability and argumentativeness are much more common and are frequently remarked upon by patients or by their families. Unfortunately, there is no uniform definition of a paradoxical reaction.Īttacks of rage and violent behavior, including assault (and even homicide), have been reported, particularly after benzodiazepine intravenous administration but also after oral administration. This may be associated with increased autonomic activity including tachycardia, hypertension, and tachypnea. Tolerance, akathisia and withdrawal can sometimes feel like paradoxical reactions, but this is often not a true paradoxical reaction by definition.Ĭentral features of paradoxical reactions are emotional lability, agitation, excessive movement, and confusion. Benzodiazepine treatment can sometimes result in paradoxical reactions in susceptible individuals causing an increase in anxiety, agitation, hallucinations at the onset of sleep, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, irritability, hyperactive behavior, insomnia and exacerbation of seizures in epileptics. An example of this is pain relief medication causing increased pain. If a patient responds to medication in a contradictory or opposite way to what is expected, it is said to have had a paradoxical effect. Benzodiazepine Tapering Strategies and SolutionsĪ paradoxical reaction happens when a person experiences the opposite of what the drug is intended to do.Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome (BWS).Why Patients Shouldn’t Go To Detox or Rehab.
PARADOXICAL INSOMNIA HELP FREE
Improve your sleep in two weeks: Over 5,000 insomniacs have completed my free insomnia sleep training course and 97% of graduates say they would recommend it to a friend. Even more concerning, sleep can continue to deteriorate, leading to more serious forms of sleep disturbance and all the consequences of insomnia - depression, anxiety, addiction to sleeping pills and even heart disease and stroke.Īs for treating paradoxical insomnia? Perhaps unsurprisingly, cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the preferred choices.įor more information, click the source link below. Left untreated, paradoxical insomnia can persist for months or even years. Paradoxical insomnia is still rare, though - it's thought that only 5% of individuals receiving treatment for insomnia actually suffer from the condition, with prevalence rates highest in young and middle-aged adults. Typically this is due to heightened arousal - consequently, the sufferer spends more time in a lighter, less fulfilling stage of sleep and this is what results in the feeling of sleep deprivation. This is mainly down to the fact that those who suffer from paradoxical insomnia are misperceiving the amount of time they actually spend asleep. Known as paradoxical insomnia, patients typically report getting very little sleep yet they function remarkably well (ie, they don't experience the typical symptoms of sleeplessness).
Well, now an article published over at Psychology Today suggests that you could be getting far more sleep than you think because it's hard to accurately estimate how long it takes to fall asleep or how long you slept for. A couple of years ago we wrote about how difficult it can be to judge how much sleep you're getting since sleep isn't a unitary state.
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